Rutherford B. Hayes: His Fraudulency (1877 - 1881)

Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th U.S. president, is known for ending Reconstruction, which reversed gains for African Americans and led to Jim Crow laws. Despite his support for Reconstruction, political pressures led to its end. Hayes' presidency was marked by the controversial 1876 election, where he lost the popular vote but won the presidency through a compromise. His civil service reforms were notable, but his legacy is marred by the end of Reconstruction. Hayes is generally ranked in the lower half of U.S. presidents.

In what ways did Hayes attempt to reform civil service?

Why is Hayes often ranked in the bottom half of US presidents?