Harnessing Hydropower: The Science Behind Renewable Energy from Water

Hydropower, or hydroelectricity, converts energy from flowing water into electricity. It is a renewable energy source, with two main types: dams and run-of-river. Dams use potential energy from stored water, while run-of-river relies on natural flow rates. Hydropower plants vary in size, with the Hoover Dam being a notable example. Benefits include cost-competitiveness and reliability, but concerns exist regarding environmental impact and emissions. Despite these issues, hydropower remains a significant contributor to global electricity production.

What is the primary source of energy for hydropower?

• Wind

• Flowing water

• Geothermal

• Solar

What is the main function of a turbine in a hydroelectric plant?

• To store water

• To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

• To control water flow

• To measure water levels

How do hydro dams generate electricity?

• By utilizing the potential energy of dammed water

• By using wind turbines

• By burning fossil fuels

• By converting solar energy

What is a characteristic of run-of-river hydroelectricity?

• It uses large reservoirs

• It relies on natural water flow rates

• It is unaffected by seasonal changes

• It requires fossil fuels

Which of the following is considered a large hydro plant?

• Exactly 30 megawatts

• Greater than 30 megawatts

• 100 kilowatts to 30 megawatts

• Less than 100 kilowatts

What is the capacity of the Hoover Dam?

• 500 megawatts

• 1,000 megawatts

• 2,074 megawatts

• 3,000 megawatts

Why is hydropower considered cost-competitive?

• Because it uses expensive technology

• Because it is free to operate

• Because it has no initial building costs

• Because it has low operational costs despite high initial building costs

What environmental impact can large dams have?

• They improve fish habitats

• They reduce greenhouse gas emissions

• They have no impact on local communities

• They can change wildlife habitats and block fish passage

What greenhouse gas is produced from decaying plant matter in flooded areas?

• Carbon dioxide

• Methane

• Ozone

• Nitrous oxide

What is a potential risk associated with dam failures?

• Reduced electricity production

• Increased fish population

• Improved water quality

• Catastrophic impact on downstream communities