Intermolecular Forces Explained: Types and Examples

This video tutorial explains intermolecular forces, which are attractive forces between molecules. It covers three main types: permanent dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces. Permanent dipole-dipole forces occur in polar molecules like hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen bonds, stronger than dipole-dipole forces, occur between hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms. Van der Waals forces are induced dipole interactions present in all molecules, affecting boiling points. The video concludes with a recap of these forces.

What is an intermolecular force?

• A force within a molecule

• A force between neighboring molecules

• A force that binds atoms in a molecule

• A force that repels molecules

Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

• Van der Waals forces

• Ionic bonds

• Permanent dipole-dipole forces

• Hydrogen bonds

What causes a permanent dipole in a molecule?

• Absence of polar bonds

• Presence of hydrogen atoms

• Different electronegativities of atoms

• Equal electronegativities of atoms

In hydrogen chloride, which atom has a greater attraction for electrons?

• Hydrogen

• Both equally

• Chlorine

• Neither

What is a hydrogen bond?

• An attraction between H delta positive and a lone pair on F, O, or N

• A bond between two hydrogen atoms

• A bond stronger than covalent bonds

• A type of ionic bond

Which of the following would be a gas at room temperature without hydrogen bonds?

• Oxygen

• Methane

• Water

• Carbon dioxide

What are van der Waals forces?

• Induced dipole-dipole interactions

• Ionic interactions

• Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

• Hydrogen bonds

Van der Waals forces are the only intermolecular forces present in which type of molecules?

• Polar molecules

• Ionic compounds

• Non-polar molecules

• Covalent compounds

What happens to van der Waals forces as the number of electrons in a molecule increases?

• They decrease

• They remain the same

• They disappear

• They increase

Which of the following is true about intermolecular forces?

• They only exist in gases

• They do not affect boiling points

• They are weaker than ionic bonds

• They are stronger than covalent bonds