Early Colonialism

Colonialism is the control by one power over a dependent area or people, often involving subjugation and exploitation. Historically, it was practiced by ancient empires like Greece and Rome, and later by European states from the 15th century. European colonialism aimed at economic dominance, initially through mercantilism and later free trade. Colonizers justified their actions as civilizing missions, often imposing their culture and religion. Despite their power, indigenous resistance was significant, both violent and non-violent, even before decolonization.

What is a key characteristic of colonialism?

• Control by one power over another

• Mutual economic benefit

• Voluntary cultural exchange

• Peaceful coexistence

Which ancient civilization was NOT mentioned as practicing colonialism?

• Ancient Rome

• Ancient Greece

• Ancient China

• Phoenicia

What economic policy did European colonizers initially follow?

• Isolationism

• Protectionism

• Free trade

• Mercantilism

What role did Christian missionaries play in European colonies?

• They focused on scientific research

• They led military conquests

• They were active in spreading Christianity

• They were primarily traders

By 1914, what percentage of the globe was controlled by Europeans?

• 60%

• 84%

• 35%

• 50%

How did colonial powers justify their conquests?

• By claiming economic superiority

• By ensuring mutual benefits

• By asserting legal and religious obligations

• By promoting cultural diversity

What was a common portrayal of indigenous peoples by colonizers?

• As equal partners

• As barbaric or savage

• As civilized and advanced

• As economically superior

What was a significant aspect of the colonial story?

• Economic prosperity for all

• Resistance by indigenous peoples

• Complete acceptance by indigenous peoples

• Uninterrupted peace

What forms did resistance to colonialism take?

• Only violent resistance

• Only non-violent resistance

• No resistance at all

• Both violent and non-violent resistance

When did indigenous resistance to colonialism occur?

• Only during the 20th century

• Only in the 19th century

• Only after decolonization

• Even before decolonization