The Enlightenment: Challenging Tradition Through Science and New Ideas

The video discusses the Enlightenment, focusing on natural laws and the ideas of key philosophers like John Locke and Montesquieu. Locke's concepts of natural rights and the social contract are explored, highlighting their influence on the U.S. Constitution. Montesquieu's theory of separating government powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches is also explained, emphasizing the importance of checks and balances.

What concept did Sir Isaac Newton popularize that challenged traditional authority?

• Quantum Mechanics

• Law of Gravity

• Theory of Relativity

• Theory of Evolution

What did John Locke believe about the nature of human beings at birth?

• They are born with divine rights

• They are inherently evil

• They are born with predetermined traits

• They are like a blank sheet of paper

According to John Locke, what should happen if a ruler violates the social contract?

• The ruler should be given more power

• The people should lose their rights

• The people have the right to overthrow the ruler

• The ruler should be forgiven

Which rights did John Locke believe were guaranteed by natural laws?

• Freedom of speech and religion

• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Life, liberty, and property

• Equality and fraternity

How did Thomas Jefferson modify Locke's natural rights in the Constitution?

• Life, liberty, and equality

• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• Life, liberty, and property

• Life, liberty, and fraternity

Who proposed the division of government into three branches?

• John Locke

• Thomas Jefferson

• Montesquieu

• Isaac Newton

What is the primary function of the legislative branch?

• To veto laws

• To make laws

• To interpret laws

• To enforce laws

Which branch of government is responsible for enforcing laws?

• Judicial

• Federal

• Legislative

• Executive

What role does the judicial branch play in the government?

• Making laws

• Enforcing laws

• Interpreting laws

• Vetoing laws

What is the purpose of the separation of powers in government?

• To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

• To ensure one branch dominates

• To concentrate power in one branch

• To eliminate the need for checks and balances