Ancient Cultures of Texas Through Time and Art

The video explores the history of early Native American cultures in Texas, starting with the Clovis culture 12,000 years ago when the climate was cooler and wetter. As the climate changed, the Folsom and Plano cultures emerged, focusing on buffalo hunting. The Archaic Tradition followed, characterized by a diverse economy and cave art reflecting religious life. Archaic people adapted to various environments, developing unique tools and hunting methods, and their culture persisted for thousands of years.

What was the climate like in Texas 12,000 years ago?

• Arid and desert-like

• Similar to today

• Cooler and wetter

• Hot and dry

Which culture is considered the first documented Native Americans in Texas?

• Folsom

• Plano

• Clovis

• Archaic

What major change occurred 10,000 years ago in Texas?

• The climate became cooler

• Large mammals thrived

• The climate became hotter and drier

• The region became uninhabitable

Which cultures are collectively known as the Paleo-Indians?

• Folsom, Clovis, and Plano

• Archaic, Clovis, and Plano

• Folsom, Archaic, and Clovis

• Plano, Archaic, and Folsom

What replaced large mammal hunting in the Archaic Tradition?

• Fishing and gathering

• Nomadic lifestyle

• Trading

• Agriculture

What do archaeologists believe the cave paintings of the Archaic Indians represent?

• Weather patterns

• Religious beliefs

• Hunting techniques

• Daily life activities

What tool did the Archaic Indians use for grinding nuts and roots?

• Mortar and pestle

• Stone axes

• Grinding stones

• Metal tools

How did the Archaic Indians utilize the buffalo?

• For clothing and shelter

• Only for food

• For ceremonial purposes

• They used every part of the buffalo

How long did various groups of Archaic culture people survive in Texas?

• 10,000 years

• 1,000 years

• 5,000 years

• 2,000 years

What was a key feature of the Archaic culture's adaptation?

• Dependence on a single food source

• Isolation from other cultures

• Uniform lifestyle across regions

• Special adaptations to different environments