Age of Enlightenment Concepts

The video explores the Age of Enlightenment, highlighting key philosophers: Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Locke emphasized natural rights and government protection. Voltaire advocated for freedom of speech and religion. Montesquieu introduced the separation of powers. Rousseau discussed the social contract and popular sovereignty.

What was the primary focus of the Age of Enlightenment?

• Military expansion

• Scientific and philosophical exploration

• Religious revival

• Economic reform

According to John Locke, what are the three natural rights?

• Life, liberty, and happiness

• Life, liberty, and property

• Life, liberty, and justice

• Life, liberty, and equality

What does John Locke mean by 'tabula rasa'?

• A religious belief

• A blank slate

• A state of chaos

• A government system

Voltaire was a proponent of which of the following?

• Monarchical rule

• Religious uniformity

• Freedom of speech

• Censorship

What is the main idea behind Voltaire's belief in deism?

• God intervenes in human affairs regularly

• God actively controls the universe

• God created the universe and then left it alone

• God does not exist

Montesquieu is best known for advocating which governmental structure?

• A direct democracy

• Three branches of government

• A two-party system

• A single ruler

What is the purpose of checks and balances according to Montesquieu?

• To increase government power

• To simplify the legal system

• To ensure government efficiency

• To prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

How does Rousseau view the state of nature?

• As an ideal society

• As a negative and greedy condition

• As a state of freedom and equality

• As a peaceful existence

What is Rousseau's concept of the social contract?

• An agreement to follow religious laws

• A pact to maintain economic stability

• An agreement between people and government for mutual benefit

• A contract to ensure military protection

According to Rousseau, what should guide government decisions?

• The will of the majority

• The influence of religious leaders

• The interests of the elite

• The power of the military