Evolutionary Biology Concepts and Structures

Mr. Gomes provides a video tutorial on the evidence of evolution, covering homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures, embryology, protein sequences, and fossil records. He explains how these concepts support evolutionary theory and discusses the geological superposition principle. The video aims to help students understand evolutionary relationships and the evidence supporting them.

What is the main purpose of homologous structures in evolutionary biology?

• To prove that all species have the same genetic makeup

• To demonstrate that species have no evolutionary relationship

• To indicate a common ancestor among different species

• To show that different species have identical functions

Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?

• Human appendix and tailbone

• Butterfly wing and bird wing

• Dog paw and cat paw

• Human arm and whale flipper

What is a vestigial structure?

• A structure that has a new function in modern species

• A structure that was functional in ancestors but is now reduced

• A structure that is identical in all species

• A structure that is only found in extinct species

Which of the following is considered a vestigial structure in humans?

• The lungs

• The heart

• The brain

• The appendix

How does embryology provide evidence for evolution?

• By proving that all species develop in the same way

• By revealing similarities in early development stages among different species

• By demonstrating that embryos of different species have no common features

• By showing that embryos of different species are completely different

What can amino acid sequences tell us about evolutionary relationships?

• They prove that species have no common ancestors

• They indicate how closely related different species are

• They demonstrate that all species evolved at the same time

• They show that all species have identical proteins

What does the principle of geological superposition state?

• Rock layers have no relation to fossil age

• Younger rock layers are found above older ones

• Older rock layers are found above younger ones

• All rock layers are the same age

How can geological events affect rock layers?

• They make all rock layers identical

• They have no impact on rock layers

• They can alter the number and arrangement of rock layers

• They can create new species

What can the fossil record tell us about the history of life on Earth?

• It indicates that all species have the same lifespan

• It proves that species have not changed over time

• It shows that all species appeared at the same time

• It provides evidence of the order in which species appeared and disappeared

Why might two formations have different numbers of rock layers?

• Due to identical weather conditions

• Due to geological events like erosion or flooding

• Because they are located in the same place

• Because they contain the same fossils