Meiosis Concepts and Genetic Variation

The video tutorial explains the process of meiosis, highlighting the reduction of chromosome numbers and the introduction of genetic variability. It covers the stages of meiosis I and II, including prophase I with synapsis and crossing over, metaphase I with random assortment, and the separation of homologous pairs. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of genetic variation resulting from meiosis, with a focus on the random assortment of chromosomes and crossing over, leading to diverse genetic combinations in gametes.

What is the primary difference in chromosome alignment between mitosis and meiosis during metaphase I?

• Chromosomes do not line up in meiosis.

• Chromosomes line up in a single file in meiosis.

• Chromosomes line up in pairs in meiosis.

• Chromosomes line up in pairs in mitosis.

What unique event occurs during prophase I of meiosis that does not occur in mitosis?

• Chromosome condensation

• Crossing over

• Chromosome replication

• Nuclear envelope breakdown

During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes line up randomly at the spindle equator?

• Telophase I

• Anaphase I

• Metaphase I

• Prophase I

What is the result of anaphase I in meiosis?

• Chromosomes condense

• Nuclear envelope reforms

• Homologous chromosomes separate

• Sister chromatids separate

How does meiosis II differ from mitosis?

• Meiosis II results in identical daughter cells.

• Meiosis II does not involve chromosome replication.

• Meiosis II results in diploid cells.

• Meiosis II involves chromosome replication.

What is the significance of random assortment during metaphase I?

• It reduces chromosome number.

• It increases genetic variation.

• It prevents crossing over.

• It ensures identical daughter cells.

How many different possible combinations of chromosomes can result from meiosis in humans?

• 2^23

• 2^46

• 46^2

• 23^2

What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?

• To align chromosomes at the equator

• To exchange genetic material between homologous chromosomes

• To separate sister chromatids

• To replicate DNA

What is the outcome of meiosis II in terms of chromosome number?

• Cells become haploid

• Cells remain diploid

• Cells become tetraploid

• Cells become triploid

Why is genetic variability important in meiosis?

• It ensures identical offspring.

• It allows adaptation to changing environments.

• It reduces the number of chromosomes.

• It prevents cell division errors.