Feedback Cycle and Levels of Feedback

John Hattie discusses the feedback cycle, focusing on three key questions: 'Where am I going?', 'How am I going?', and 'Where to next?'. Feedback operates at three main levels: task, process, and self-regulation. Task-level feedback provides information about the content, process-level feedback helps students strategize, and self-regulation feedback encourages students to self-assess and seek peer input. A fourth level, self-feedback, often distracts from the message. Praise should be separate from feedback to ensure the message is retained.

What are the three key questions in the feedback cycle?

• When did I start? How long will it take? What is the deadline?

• Where am I going? How am I going? Where to next?

• What did I learn? How did I learn? What will I learn next?

• Who am I? What am I doing? Why am I doing it?

What is the primary focus of task-level feedback?

• Encouraging self-assessment

• Discussing future goals

• Providing praise for effort

• Offering information about the content

How does process-level feedback assist students?

• By focusing on their personal traits

• By providing a summary of their performance

• By helping them find different approaches

• By giving them the correct answers

What is the role of the teacher in process-level feedback?

• To give a lecture

• To focus on students' emotions

• To help students find errors and be strategic

• To provide answers

What is the goal of self-regulation feedback?

• To focus on students' behavior

• To have students memorize information

• To encourage students to evaluate their own work

• To provide detailed instructions

Which level of feedback involves students seeking feedback themselves?

• Self level

• Self-regulation level

• Process level

• Task level

Why should praise be separated from feedback about the task?

• Because praise is not important

• Because feedback should always be negative

• Because it can distract from the feedback message

• Because students do not like praise

What is a potential downside of feedback about the self?

• It is too detailed

• It can enhance learning

• It can distract from the task

• It is always negative

What should teachers avoid mixing with feedback information?

• Questions

• Criticism

• Praise

• Instructions