Atomic Structure and Ion Charges

The video tutorial explains the concept of ions and the octet rule, highlighting why atoms become ions and how they achieve stability by gaining or losing electrons to have eight valence electrons, similar to noble gases. It provides examples using sodium and oxygen to illustrate the octet rule and discusses how to represent ions using element symbol notation.

What makes noble gases naturally stable?

• They have a high atomic mass.

• They have a full valence shell.

• They have more protons than electrons.

• They can easily gain electrons.

What does the octet rule state about atoms?

• Atoms will always gain electrons.

• Atoms will lose protons to become stable.

• Atoms will either gain or lose electrons to have eight valence electrons.

• Atoms will gain neutrons to achieve stability.

How does sodium achieve a stable configuration according to the octet rule?

• By losing two electrons.

• By gaining two electrons.

• By losing one electron.

• By gaining one electron.

What happens to oxygen when it follows the octet rule?

• It gains one electron.

• It loses one electron.

• It gains two electrons.

• It loses two electrons.

What is a cation?

• An atom with a positive charge.

• An atom with a negative charge.

• An atom with more electrons than protons.

• An atom with equal protons and electrons.

What is an anion?

• An atom with a negative charge.

• An atom with more protons than electrons.

• An atom with a positive charge.

• An atom with equal protons and electrons.

How is the charge of an ion determined?

• By the number of electrons minus neutrons.

• By the number of protons minus electrons.

• By the number of protons plus neutrons.

• By the number of neutrons minus protons.

What is the charge of an aluminum ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons?

• +3

• -3

• +1

• -1

What does the element symbol notation include?

• Only the mass number.

• The atomic number, mass number, and charge.

• The atomic number and mass number.

• Only the atomic number.

Why is an atom with 10 electrons and 13 protons not considered neutral?

• It has an equal number of protons and electrons.

• It has more protons than electrons.

• It has more neutrons than protons.

• It has more electrons than protons.