Coronary Artery Function and Pathology

The video tutorial discusses ischemic heart disease, a critical topic for medical exams. It covers the definition, causes, and mechanisms of ischemia, focusing on the imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and coronary artery supply. The tutorial explains the roles of different coronary arteries, highlighting the left anterior descending artery's significance. It also addresses thrombosis sites and the protective role of collateral circulation in preventing myocardial infarction and angina.

What is the primary cause of ischemic heart disease?

• Excessive physical activity

• Genetic factors

• High blood pressure

• Imbalance between oxygen demand and supply

What happens to the diastolic period of the cardiac cycle when the heart rate reaches 180 beats per minute?

• It increases

• It remains the same

• It becomes irregular

• It decreases

Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying the anterior portion of the left ventricle?

• Posterior descending artery

• Left circumflex artery

• Left anterior descending artery

• Right coronary artery

What percentage of coronary artery thrombosis occurs in the left anterior descending artery?

• 10-20%

• 60-70%

• 30-40%

• 40-50%

Which artery supplies the posterior basal wall of the left ventricle?

• Left anterior descending artery

• Right coronary artery

• Marginal artery

• Left circumflex artery

What is the second most common site for coronary artery thrombosis?

• Left circumflex artery

• Right coronary artery

• Left anterior descending artery

• Posterior descending artery

Which artery is responsible for supplying the SA and AV nodes?

• Left anterior descending artery

• Right coronary artery

• Posterior descending artery

• Left circumflex artery

Which artery supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle in most individuals?

• Posterior descending artery

• Left circumflex artery

• Left anterior descending artery

• Right coronary artery

What is the role of collateral circulation in ischemic heart disease?

• Enhances oxygen demand

• Decreases blood pressure

• Prevents acute myocardial infarction

• Increases heart rate

What is the effect of atherosclerosis on coronary arteries?

• Decreases heart rate

• Enhances oxygen supply

• Increases blood flow

• Causes gradual narrowing