DNA Analysis and Profiling Concepts

Mrs. Alexander introduces DNA analysis and profiling, focusing on tools like restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, and PCR. The video explains how these tools are used to compare DNA, emphasizing the uniqueness of DNA sequences. It covers the process of DNA cutting using restriction enzymes, separation of DNA fragments through gel electrophoresis, and amplification of DNA via PCR. Applications of DNA profiling in fields like forensics, genealogy, and disease diagnosis are also discussed.

What makes DNA unique to each individual?

• The presence of proteins

• The number of chromosomes

• The sequence of nitrogen bases

• The amount of DNA

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in DNA analysis?

• To sequence DNA

• To replicate DNA

• To cut DNA at specific sequences

• To amplify DNA

How do restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) assist in DNA profiling?

• By amplifying DNA sequences

• By sequencing the entire genome

• By cutting DNA into equal pieces

• By creating unique patterns for individuals

What is the role of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

• To separate DNA fragments by size

• To sequence DNA

• To replicate DNA

• To cut DNA at specific sites

Why is DNA negatively charged important in gel electrophoresis?

• It amplifies the DNA

• It allows DNA to be cut by enzymes

• It helps DNA to move towards the positive end

• It prevents DNA from degrading

What does PCR stand for in the context of DNA amplification?

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Protein Cell Replication

• Protein Chain Reaction

• Polymerase Cell Replication

How does PCR contribute to DNA analysis?

• By separating DNA by size

• By sequencing DNA

• By cutting DNA into fragments

• By amplifying specific DNA sequences

In what way can DNA profiling be used in genealogy?

• To trace ancestral origins

• To sequence the entire genome

• To determine the exact age of an individual

• To identify the presence of diseases

What is a presumptive test in the context of DNA profiling?

• A test that confirms the exact DNA sequence

• A test that provides a preliminary match

• A test that sequences the entire genome

• A test that amplifies DNA

How can DNA profiling assist in diagnosing diseases?

• By cutting DNA into equal fragments

• By identifying unique DNA patterns

• By sequencing the entire genome

• By amplifying all DNA sequences