Genetics Concepts and Terminology

The video tutorial provides an in-depth exploration of key genetics terms, including genes, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. It explains the concepts of dominant and recessive alleles, polygenic traits, pleiotropy, and epistasis. The tutorial also covers genetic variants like single nucleotide variants, and different types of dominance such as complete, incomplete, and codominance. Additionally, it discusses sex linkage and genetic linkage, providing examples to illustrate these concepts.

What is the primary focus of genetics as a branch of biology?

• The study of animal behavior

• The study of heredity and variation

• The study of plant physiology

• The study of ecosystems

Which of the following best describes an allele?

• A segment of RNA

• A variant form of a gene

• A type of protein

• A type of cell

What does a small gene pool indicate about a population?

• High genetic diversity

• Low mutation rate

• Low genetic diversity

• High mutation rate

How is a phenotype defined?

• The genetic makeup of an organism

• The observable characteristics of an organism

• The number of chromosomes in an organism

• The environmental conditions affecting an organism

What is a dominant allele?

• An allele that is only found in plants

• An allele that is never expressed

• An allele that produces a specific phenotype even in the presence of another allele

• An allele that is only expressed in the absence of another allele

What is a polygenic trait?

• A trait that is only found in animals

• A trait that is not inherited

• A trait controlled by multiple genes

• A trait controlled by a single gene

What is pleiotropy?

• A gene that only affects one trait

• A gene that does not affect any trait

• Multiple genes affecting a single trait

• A single gene affecting multiple traits

What is epistasis?

• A gene that is always dominant

• A gene affecting the expression of another gene at a different locus

• A gene that is not expressed

• A gene that only affects one trait

What does a genetic map unit measure?

• The mutation rate of a gene

• The number of genes on a chromosome

• The genetic distance between genes on a chromosome

• The physical size of a chromosome

What does it mean if two genes have 100% recombinants?

• The genes are closely linked

• The genes are identical

• The genes are not linked

• The genes are on different chromosomes