Functionalism in Sociology

Functionalism is a major sociological perspective that views society as a stable system of interrelated parts, each serving a specific function to maintain stability. Social institutions like family, politics, education, and economy are crucial for societal function. Functionalism emphasizes interdependence and the importance of norms and values in shaping laws and relationships. It focuses on macro-level structures rather than individual interactions. Emile Durkheim, a key proponent, likened society to an organism where each part plays a vital role. Disorganization leads to change as societal components adjust to restore stability.

What is the primary focus of functionalism in sociology?

• The analysis of societal conflicts

• The study of individual behavior

• The exploration of cultural diversity

• The examination of societal stability and interrelated parts

Which of the following is NOT considered a critical social institution according to functionalism?

• Fashion industry

• Educational system

• Political system

• Family

According to functionalism, what happens to a social institution that no longer serves a role?

• It merges with another institution

• It dies away

• It becomes more influential

• It gains new functions

What do functionalists believe is necessary for the long-term survival of a social system?

• Elimination of societal norms

• Isolation of social institutions

• Interdependence among behavior patterns and institutions

• Constant change and chaos

How do functionalists view the role of societal values and norms?

• As the foundation for rules and laws

• As irrelevant to social institutions

• As obstacles to societal progress

• As sources of conflict

Who is considered the leading proponent of functionalism?

• Max Weber

• Karl Marx

• Auguste Comte

• Emile Durkheim

According to Durkheim, what happens when one part of society experiences a crisis?

• The crisis is ignored

• Other parts must adapt to fill the void

• It leads to societal collapse

• It results in immediate social change

What does Durkheim emphasize as essential for societal stability?

• Technological advancement

• Individualism and personal freedom

• Consensus and order

• Economic growth

What is the result of disorganization in a social system, according to Durkheim?

• Greater harmony

• Economic prosperity

• Increased stability

• Social change

How does Durkheim view society in relation to its components?

• As a static entity

• As an organism with necessary roles for each component

• As a collection of independent parts

• As a chaotic system