DNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video provides a comprehensive overview of DNA structure, starting with its classification as a nucleic acid and its building blocks, nucleotides. It explains the components of nucleotides, including nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphate groups. The video discusses Chargaff's rule, highlighting the equal pairing of adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine. Rosalind Franklin's contribution through photo 51 is covered, showing how it led to the understanding of DNA as a double helix. The video concludes with an explanation of DNA's anti-parallel strands and the role of hydrogen bonds in base pairing.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• Nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar, phosphate group

• Amino acid, ribose sugar, phosphate group

• Nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, lipid

• Amino acid, deoxyribose sugar, lipid

What is the sugar component in DNA nucleotides?

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

• Glucose

• Fructose

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

• Thymine

• Adenine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

According to Chargaff's rule, which bases are found in equal amounts in DNA?

• Adenine and Thymine

• Cytosine and Thymine

• Guanine and Uracil

• Adenine and Guanine

What significant contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to the understanding of DNA?

• She identified the four nitrogenous bases.

• She discovered the double helix structure.

• She formulated Chargaff's rule.

• She took a diffraction photo revealing the double helix.

Which scientist's work was crucial for Watson and Crick's model of DNA?

• Francis Crick

• Erwin Chargaff

• Rosalind Franklin

• Gregor Mendel

What is the significance of DNA's antiparallel strands?

• They allow for the formation of hydrogen bonds.

• They enable the strands to be identical.

• They ensure the strands run in the same direction.

• They facilitate the replication process.

How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine?

• Four

• Three

• Two

• One

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

• They bond the sugar to the nitrogenous base.

• They hold the nitrogenous bases together.

• They connect the sugar and phosphate groups.

• They link nucleotides to form a strand.