Case-Control and Cohort Study Concepts

The video tutorial discusses two main types of studies: cohort and case-control studies. It explains the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Cohort studies follow a group over time to assess the risk of disease based on exposure, while case-control studies start with a disease group and look back to identify exposure differences. Cohort studies can be prospective or retrospective, allowing for causality determination but are costly and inefficient for rare diseases. Case-control studies are efficient for rare diseases but are prone to recall bias and limited to one disease at a time.

What is the main difference between experimental and observational studies?

• Experimental studies involve randomization, while observational studies do not.

• Observational studies involve randomization, while experimental studies do not.

• Both involve randomization.

• Neither involves randomization.

In a cohort study, what is the initial population composed of?

• Individuals with unknown exposure status.

• Disease-free individuals.

• Individuals with a known disease.

• Individuals with a known outcome.

What is a key feature of prospective cohort studies?

• They involve randomization.

• They do not track individuals over time.

• They start before the outcome is known.

• They start after the outcome is known.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of cohort studies?

• They are efficient for rare diseases.

• They are prone to recall bias.

• They cannot study multiple diseases at once.

• They can be costly and time-consuming.

What is a benefit of cohort studies in terms of disease study?

• They are not affected by loss to follow-up bias.

• They do not require long-term follow-up.

• They can study multiple diseases simultaneously.

• They can only study one disease at a time.

What is the starting point in a case-control study?

• A group of individuals with unknown exposure status.

• A random sample of the population.

• A group of individuals with a known outcome.

• A group of individuals with a known exposure.

What is a major limitation of case-control studies?

• They are prone to recall bias.

• They can determine causality easily.

• They can only analyze one exposure at a time.

• They require a large sample size.

How do case-control studies determine risk factors?

• By comparing exposure in diseased and non-diseased groups.

• By randomizing participants.

• By analyzing genetic data.

• By following individuals over time.

Which study type is more suitable for studying rare diseases?

• Cohort studies

• Case-control studies

• Cross-sectional studies

• Experimental studies

What is a common bias associated with case-control studies?

• Detection bias

• Performance bias

• Recall bias

• Selection bias