Evolution and Mutation Concepts

The video explains evolution as changes in allele frequencies within a population over time, leading to speciation. It emphasizes that individuals do not evolve, but populations do. Mutations, which are changes in DNA sequences, are highlighted as the ultimate source of genetic variability. These mutations can be spontaneous or caused by external factors like radiation or chemicals. The video outlines that mutations must occur in gametes to be inherited and are random events. It concludes by illustrating how mutations can alter allele frequencies, driving evolution.

What is the smallest unit that can undergo evolution?

• A gene

• An individual

• A population

• A species

What is the process called when a new species is formed due to accumulated changes in allele frequencies?

• Natural selection

• Adaptation

• Speciation

• Mutation

Why do individual genotypes remain unchanged throughout their lifetime?

• Because they adapt to the environment

• Because they are born with fixed alleles

• Because they mutate frequently

• Because they can evolve

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence

• A change in behavior

• A change in population size

• A change in the environment

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of mutations?

• Natural selection

• Radiation exposure

• Spontaneous replication errors

• Chemical exposure

What is the ultimate source of all genetic variations?

• Genetic drift

• Mutations

• Gene flow

• Natural selection

For a mutation to be passed on to the next generation, where must it occur?

• In the skin cells

• In the gametes

• In the muscle cells

• In the brain cells

How do mutations contribute to evolution?

• By preventing speciation

• By introducing new alleles into a population

• By eliminating genetic diversity

• By stabilizing allele frequencies

What happens to allele frequencies when a beneficial mutation occurs?

• They increase

• They decrease

• They fluctuate randomly

• They remain the same

Why are mutations considered random events?

• Because they always result in beneficial traits

• Because they occur in response to environmental changes

• Because organisms plan for them

• Because they happen without a specific purpose