Cellular Functions and Processes

The video explores additional cell structures and functions, focusing on vacuoles, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It explains how vacuoles store water and maintain plant structure, lysosomes digest materials and facilitate cell death, and the ER and Golgi apparatus process and transport proteins. The video also covers chloroplasts' role in photosynthesis and mitochondria's function in ATP production.

What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

• To store proteins

• To store water and maintain turgor pressure

• To produce ATP

• To synthesize lipids

How do lysosomes contribute to cellular digestion?

• By storing water

• By breaking down large food particles

• By synthesizing proteins

• By transporting lipids

What is apoptosis?

• Cell division

• Photosynthesis

• Programmed cell death

• Protein synthesis

What is the role of the rough ER in protein processing?

• Synthesizing lipids

• Breaking down carbohydrates

• Folding proteins and transporting them to the Golgi apparatus

• Storing calcium ions

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to the ER?

• To modify and package proteins for export

• To synthesize proteins

• To break down waste materials

• To store genetic information

What are thylakoids and where are they found?

• They are sacs found in the chloroplasts involved in photosynthesis

• They are carbohydrate chains found in the Golgi apparatus

• They are protein structures found in the mitochondria

• They are lipid molecules found in the cell membrane

What is the Calvin cycle also known as?

• Krebs cycle

• Electron transport chain

• Light-independent reaction

• Light-dependent reaction

What is the primary role of mitochondria in the cell?

• To produce ATP

• To store water

• To transport lipids

• To synthesize proteins

Where does the Krebs cycle occur within the mitochondria?

• In the Golgi apparatus

• In the matrix

• In the stroma

• In the thylakoid

What is the significance of the double membrane in mitochondria?

• It stores genetic information

• It provides compartments for different reactions

• It synthesizes proteins

• It transports water