Epigenetics and Histone Modifications

The video tutorial explores epigenetics, focusing on changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. It covers mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modification, explaining how these affect gene expression. The structure of DNA in eukaryotic cells and its packaging into chromosomes are discussed, highlighting the role of histones. The tutorial delves into DNA methylation, detailing the process and its significance in cell differentiation. It also examines various histone modifications and their impact on chromatin structure and gene regulation.

What is the primary focus of epigenetics?

• Heritable changes in gene function without altering DNA sequence

• Protein synthesis

• Mutations in genes

• Changes in DNA sequence

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of epigenetic change?

• DNA methylation

• Histone modification

• Gene splicing

• Non-coding RNA

What is the role of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

• To store energy

• To code for genes that are transcribed into mRNA and translated into proteins

• To transport proteins

• To replicate RNA

How are chromosomes formed in eukaryotic cells?

• By folding DNA into chromatin protein complexes

• By synthesizing new DNA

• By combining RNA and proteins

• By splitting DNA strands

What are histones?

• Lipids that store energy

• RNA molecules that code for proteins

• Proteins that DNA wraps around to form chromatin

• Enzymes that replicate DNA

What is the function of DNA methyl transferase?

• To add methyl groups to cytosine bases

• To replicate DNA strands

• To remove methyl groups from adenine bases

• To synthesize RNA

During DNA replication, how is epigenetic information maintained?

• By altering the DNA sequence

• By synthesizing new DNA strands

• By adding methyl groups to new DNA strands

• By removing methyl groups from old DNA strands

Which histone modification is linked with active transcription?

• Methylation

• Acetylation

• Phosphorylation

• Ubiquitination

What effect does acetylation have on DNA packaging?

• Has no effect on DNA packing

• Destroys DNA

• Increases DNA packing

• Decreases DNA packing

Which of the following processes is NOT influenced by histone modifications?

• Transcription

• Replication

• DNA repair

• Protein digestion