What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

• RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into protein.

• DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein.

• Proteins are transcribed into RNA, which is translated into DNA.

Which of the following is a tool used in the transcription process?

• DNA polymerase

• Reverse transcriptase

• RNA ligase

• Helicase

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in molecular biology?

• It converts DNA into RNA.

• It unwinds the DNA helix.

• It converts RNA into cDNA.

• It synthesizes proteins from RNA.

Which enzyme is crucial for the conversion of RNA to cDNA?

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase

• Reverse transcriptase

What is a characteristic of cDNA?

• It is synthesized from proteins.

• It contains only exon regions.

• It contains both intron and exon regions.

• It is single-stranded.

How can gene expression levels be determined?

• By measuring protein synthesis rates.

• By counting the number of cells.

• By observing cell division rates.

• By analyzing cDNA sequences.

What is the significance of exon regions in cDNA?

• They are responsible for cell division.

• They are involved in DNA replication.

• They are non-coding regions.

• They code for proteins.

What is the purpose of using microarrays in gene expression analysis?

• To measure the expression levels of multiple genes simultaneously.

• To sequence the entire genome.

• To isolate specific proteins.

• To transcribe DNA into RNA.

In biotechnology, what is a common use of cDNA?

• To degrade RNA molecules.

• To produce proteins in microorganisms.

• To replicate DNA strands.

• To synthesize lipids.

What is a potential application of cDNA in biotechnology?

• Generating energy

• Producing therapeutic proteins

• Synthesizing carbohydrates

• Breaking down toxins