DNA Replication Processes and Concepts

The video tutorial explains the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands and the directionality of DNA synthesis, which occurs from 5' to 3'. It describes continuous replication on the leading strand and fragmented replication on the lagging strand, forming Okazaki fragments. The role of the replication fork and RNA primer in DNA replication is also discussed, highlighting the differences between the leading and lagging strands.

What is the orientation of DNA strands in terms of their ends?

• Both strands are 5' to 5'

• Both strands are 3' to 3'

• One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5'

• Both strands are 5' to 3'

In which direction does DNA synthesis occur?

• 3' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

• Both directions simultaneously

• Randomly

What is the main difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

• Both strands are synthesized in fragments

• Leading strand is synthesized in fragments, lagging strand is synthesized continuously

• Both strands are synthesized continuously

• Leading strand is synthesized continuously, lagging strand is synthesized in fragments

What are the short DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand called?

• Okazaki fragments

• Replication fragments

• Polymerase fragments

• Primer fragments

What initiates the synthesis of DNA on the lagging strand?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA primer

• Helicase

• Ligase

How does the replication fork contribute to DNA replication?

• It synthesizes new DNA strands

• It unwinds the DNA strands

• It joins Okazaki fragments

• It degrades RNA primers

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

• They synthesize new DNA strands

• They provide a starting point for DNA synthesis

• They join Okazaki fragments

• They unwind the DNA strands

Which strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication?

• Leading strand

• Both strands

• Lagging strand

• Neither strand

How does DNA replication differ between the leading and lagging strands?

• Leading strand is synthesized in fragments, lagging strand is continuous

• Both strands are synthesized in fragments

• Both strands are synthesized continuously

• Leading strand is continuous, lagging strand is synthesized in fragments