Mutations and DNA Functionality

The video explains the four main macromolecules, focusing on nucleic acids, specifically DNA and RNA. DNA is described as a chemical blueprint using four subunits to code for proteins. An analogy compares DNA to a book in a library, with RNA as a copy for reading. Codons in RNA are explained as sets of three bases that correspond to amino acids, forming proteins. The video also discusses how mutations in DNA can affect protein functionality, potentially leading to diseases.

Which macromolecule is the focus of this video?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

What are the four subunits of DNA?

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

• Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

• Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil

How is DNA similar to an old book?

• It is read by everyone in the same way.

• It is fragile and kept in a library.

• It is copied for reading to prevent damage.

• It is written in a foreign language.

What is a codon in RNA?

• A single base

• A pair of bases

• A complete gene

• A set of three adjacent bases

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

• It copies DNA into RNA.

• It reads DNA directly.

• It forms the structure of proteins.

• It matches codons with amino acids.

How do start and stop codons function in DNA?

• They are used to replicate DNA.

• They mark the beginning and end of a gene.

• They are only found in RNA.

• They are not important in protein synthesis.

What can a mutation in DNA lead to?

• A completely new organism

• A protein that is still functional, partially functional, or dysfunctional

• No change in the organism

• A new set of chromosomes

What happens if a mutation affects a vital protein?

• It causes no effect.

• It can cause a severe disease.

• It improves the protein's function.

• It always results in a beneficial trait.

What is the result of changing a letter in a DNA sequence?

• It always results in a functional protein.

• It can make the protein nonsensical.

• It has no effect on the protein.

• It always improves the protein's function.

What determines the impact of a mutation on an organism?

• The importance of the affected protein

• The size of the organism

• The age of the organism

• The environment of the organism