Bozeman Cladograms (Bozeman)

Cladograms can show you

• how different organisms are evolutionarily related

• where different organisms could be found

• the stages of development that an organism goes through in one lifetime

Why is C the outgroup?

• because it was discovered first in the pond water

• because C does not have an eye or mouth

• because it's an oval, while all the others are circles

What organism would come next after A?

• F

• E

What would the next shared characteristic (between G and D) be?

• the presence of defensive spikes

• the presence of an eye

• the presence of a mouth with teeth

1. In the cladogram, which node occurred earliest in time?

• Node 2

• Node 3

• Node 1 

Which terminal taxon is B more closely related to, A or C?

• B

• 2

• A

• 1

• C

What is a plausible explanation for why the new organism H added as a branch off of organism A?

• organism H probably had and lost its eye, and it retained the other characters that are similar to organism A

• organism H was going to be organism F but then it skipped the formation of an eye as it developed

• organism F got its eye poked out

What is the principle of parsimony, or Ockham's razor?

• Complex explanations should be avoided, to keep your cladogram from getting too messy.

• The simplest explanation is the most likely one

• Aliens are lactose intolerant.

How are cladograms created using genetic relatedness?

• Organisms are ordered based on how many chromosomes they have.

• Sequence all the organisms and then put the data into a computer program to analyze relatedness.

• Organisms are grouped based on the volume of DNA that can be extracted and tested.

Which group is most closely related to the new world monkeys?

• Old World monkeys

• tarsiers