Scandinavian History and Viking Age

The Viking Age symbolically ended with the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066, where Norwegian King Harald Hardrada was defeated. Improved defenses and internal changes in Scandinavia led to the decline of Viking raids. Scandinavian kingdoms formed, shifting power dynamics and redirecting energies eastward. They embraced Christianity and European ideologies, marking the end of the Viking era and their integration into Europe.

What event marked the symbolic end of the Viking Age?

• The Battle of Clontarf

• The Battle of Maldon

• The Battle of Stamford Bridge

• The Battle of Hastings

Which factor contributed to the decline of Viking raids in Western Europe?

• Lack of interest in raiding

• Improved defensive measures

• Climate change

• Viking internal conflicts

What change occurred in Scandinavian governance during the late Viking Age?

• Kings consolidated power and reduced the influence of chieftains

• Kings abandoned military strategies

• Kings focused solely on Western Europe

• Kings began to tolerate freebooting Vikings

What was the role of King Harald Bluetooth in the late Viking Age?

• He expanded Viking territories in Western Europe

• He led a rebellion against his own kingdom

• He constructed a network of military camps in Denmark

• He converted to Islam

Where did Scandinavian kings redirect their raiding efforts after the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

• Western Europe

• The Mediterranean

• North America

• The Baltic Sea and Eastern Europe

Which religious institution supported Scandinavian raids in the Baltic region?

• The Eastern Orthodox Church

• The Lutheran Church

• The Roman Catholic Church

• The Church of England

How did Scandinavian kings expand their territories after the Viking Age?

• By forming alliances with the Vikings

• By focusing on Western Europe

• By organizing raids in new regions

• Through peaceful negotiations

Which Scandinavian king invaded Estonia in 1219 with the support of the Pope?

• King Haakon IV

• King Harald Hardrada

• King Valdemar II

• King Harald Bluetooth

What was a significant cultural change in Scandinavia after the Viking Age?

• Adoption of Buddhism

• Return to pagan traditions

• Embrace of European artistic ideals and Christianity

• Rejection of all foreign influences

What marked the end of the Viking era in terms of cultural transformation?

• The Vikings' return to raiding Western Europe

• The adoption of European military tactics and trading patterns

• The complete isolation of Scandinavian countries

• The abandonment of all religious practices