Bacterial and Human Cell Differences

The video explains the differences between human and bacterial cells, focusing on cell structure, genomic organization, and protein synthesis. It highlights how antibiotics target bacterial cells without affecting human cells and discusses the development of antibiotic resistance. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding these differences to design effective antibiotics.

What is a key structural difference between human and bacterial cells?

• Bacterial cells are eukaryotic, while human cells are prokaryotic.

• Human cells have a cell wall, while bacterial cells do not.

• Bacterial cells have membrane-bound organelles, while human cells do not.

• Human cells have linear chromosomes, while bacterial cells have circular chromosomes.

Which of the following is true about the cell wall in bacteria?

• It is found in both human and bacterial cells.

• It is composed of peptidoglycan.

• It is absent in gram-positive bacteria.

• It is made of cellulose.

How do human cells differ from bacterial cells in terms of organelles?

• Human cells lack a nucleus, while bacterial cells have one.

• Bacterial cells have a Golgi apparatus, while human cells do not.

• Human cells have membrane-bound organelles, while bacterial cells do not.

• Bacterial cells have mitochondria, while human cells do not.

What is a major difference in protein synthesis between human and bacterial cells?

• In humans, transcription and translation occur simultaneously.

• In bacteria, transcription and translation occur simultaneously.

• Human cells use 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits.

• Bacterial cells use 40s and 60s ribosomal subunits.

Which ribosomal subunits are found in human cells?

• 30s and 50s

• 50s and 30s

• 60s and 70s

• 40s and 60s

How does tetracycline work as an antibiotic?

• It disrupts the plasma membrane of human cells.

• It binds to the 40s subunit of human ribosomes.

• It inhibits the cell wall synthesis in bacteria.

• It binds to the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

What is the role of penicillin in treating bacterial infections?

• It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria.

• It disrupts the bacterial plasma membrane.

• It inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase.

• It binds to bacterial ribosomes.

Why is rifampicin effective against bacteria?

• It enhances bacterial protein synthesis.

• It disrupts bacterial DNA replication.

• It binds to human ribosomes.

• It inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase.

What is a common strategy to prevent antibiotic resistance?

• Using antibiotics only for viral infections.

• Avoiding antibiotics altogether.

• Administering multiple antibiotics simultaneously.

• Using a single antibiotic for a prolonged period.

How can bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics?

• By becoming eukaryotic.

• By increasing their size.

• By losing their cell wall.

• By acquiring mutations that confer resistance.