Cognitive Dissonance and Biases

The video explores how attitudes are formed and changed, discussing explicit and implicit attitudes, various biases, belief perseverance, confirmation bias, stereotypes, prejudice, and cognitive dissonance. It highlights how experiences and social interactions shape attitudes, the impact of biases, and the mental discomfort of cognitive dissonance, motivating belief change.

What is the primary difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?

• Both explicit and implicit attitudes are unconscious.

• Explicit attitudes are conscious, while implicit attitudes are unconscious.

• Explicit attitudes are unconscious, while implicit attitudes are conscious.

• Both explicit and implicit attitudes are conscious.

Which bias involves the belief that people get what they deserve?

• Ethnocentrism

• Just world phenomenon

• Outgroup homogeneity bias

• Ingroup bias

What is the tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as more similar than they are?

• Ingroup bias

• Outgroup homogeneity bias

• Ethnocentrism

• Just world phenomenon

How does belief perseverance affect attitude change?

• It leads to immediate acceptance of new ideas.

• It causes people to maintain beliefs despite contradictory evidence.

• It helps people to accept new information readily.

• It encourages people to change their beliefs easily.

What is confirmation bias?

• The tendency to focus on information that supports one's existing beliefs.

• The tendency to change beliefs frequently.

• The tendency to seek out information that contradicts one's beliefs.

• The tendency to ignore all information.

What role do stereotypes play in shaping attitudes?

• They eliminate prejudiced attitudes.

• They lead to more accurate judgments.

• They form the basis of prejudiced attitudes.

• They have no impact on attitudes.

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

• Both prejudice and discrimination are thoughts.

• Both prejudice and discrimination are actions.

• Prejudice is a thought, while discrimination is an action.

• Prejudice is an action, while discrimination is a thought.

What is cognitive dissonance?

• The satisfaction of confirming one's beliefs.

• The joy of discovering new information.

• The mental discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs.

• The comfort felt when beliefs align perfectly.

How can cognitive dissonance be resolved?

• By avoiding new information.

• By reinforcing the conflicting beliefs.

• By changing one's beliefs or behaviors.

• By ignoring the conflict.

What motivates individuals to resolve cognitive dissonance?

• A preference for instability.

• A need for consistency and stability.

• A desire for conflict.

• A wish to avoid change.