Genetic Mutations and Codons

Mrs. Kraus explains the answer key for a mutations worksheet, covering amino acids with multiple and single codons, frameshift mutations, and point substitution mutations. She provides examples of different mutation types, including frameshift insertion, silent, nonsense, and deletion mutations, and discusses their effects on DNA sequences and amino acids.

Which amino acid is coded by multiple codons, including UCU, UCC, UCA, and UCG?

• Methionine

• Serine

• Alanine

• Tryptophan

What is the only amino acid coded by the start codon AUG?

• Methionine

• Alanine

• Serine

• Tryptophan

What type of mutation occurs when a base is deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame?

• Silent mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Missense mutation

In a point mutation, what is it called when a substitution results in an early stop codon?

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

What is the result of adding an extra base in a DNA sequence?

• Nonsense mutation

• Point substitution

• Silent mutation

• Frameshift insertion

Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence despite a base substitution?

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Frameshift mutation

What is the effect of a frameshift insertion on the amino acid sequence?

• Only one amino acid changes

• All amino acids change after the mutation

• Early stop codon

• No change

Which two mRNA sequences were found to be identical in terms of their amino acid sequences?

• mRNA 3 and mRNA 5

• mRNA 1 and mRNA 3

• mRNA 1 and mRNA 2

• mRNA 2 and mRNA 4

What does the redundancy in the genetic code imply?

• Each amino acid is coded by only one codon

• Codons are not related to amino acids

• Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

• All codons code for different amino acids

What is the result of a substitution mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence?

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation