Effects of Exercise on Health

Mental health benefits of exercise

Dietary changes for athletes

Long-term adaptations of the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems

Short-term effects of exercise

Increased bone density

Increased risk of osteoporosis

Weaker bone structure

Decreased bone density

Increases risk of joint injury

Decreases joint flexibility

Weakens ligaments and tendons

Increases cartilage and joint stability

Muscles becoming more flexible

Muscles repairing themselves bigger and stronger

Muscles shrinking after exercise

Muscles losing strength over time

They help in muscle relaxation

They produce energy aerobically

They produce energy anaerobically

They are responsible for muscle contraction

It decreases in size

It stops functioning efficiently

It undergoes hypertrophy, increasing in size and strength

It becomes weaker

Has no effect on resting heart rate

Decreases resting heart rate

Increases resting heart rate

Makes resting heart rate irregular

The maximum volume of air the lungs can hold

The rate at which carbon dioxide is expelled

The maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during exercise

The minimum amount of oxygen needed for survival

They produce carbon dioxide

They store oxygen for later use

They increase blood pressure

They extract oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

Decreases efficiency in oxygen delivery

Increases waste production

Increases efficiency in oxygen delivery and waste removal

Has no impact on efficiency