Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Ideas

The video explores the Enlightenment, starting with its roots in the Scientific Revolution, where thinkers like Isaac Newton used reason to understand natural laws. It then contrasts the philosophies of Thomas Hobbs and John Lock. Hobbs viewed humans as naturally selfish, advocating for an absolute monarchy to maintain order. In contrast, Lock believed in natural rights and a limited government, influencing later political thinkers. The video concludes by revisiting the key ideas discussed.

What was one of the main ideas discussed in the introduction to the Enlightenment?

• How science led to the Enlightenment

• The impact of the Industrial Revolution

• The role of religion in society

• The importance of art in the Enlightenment

Who was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution known for his work on gravity?

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Albert Einstein

What concept did the Scientific Revolution introduce that influenced the Enlightenment?

• Social hierarchy

• Natural law

• Feudalism

• Divine right of kings

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is life like in a state of nature?

• Full of opportunities

• Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short

• Governed by natural rights

• Peaceful and harmonious

What type of government did Thomas Hobbes advocate for?

• Oligarchy

• Absolute monarchy

• Democracy

• Republic

What did John Locke believe was the primary role of government?

• To expand territory

• To protect natural rights

• To enforce religious laws

• To control the economy

Which rights did John Locke believe were natural and inherent from birth?

• Right to free speech

• Right to vote

• Right to life, liberty, and property

• Right to education

What radical idea did John Locke propose regarding government?

• Citizens have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights

• Government should control all aspects of life

• Government should be hereditary

• Government should be led by religious leaders

Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas influenced major political thinkers like Thomas Jefferson?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

What was a major consequence of the Enlightenment on political revolutions?

• Emergence of totalitarian regimes

• Increased power of monarchies

• Decline of scientific inquiry

• Inspiration for democratic ideals