Influence of Enlightenment Thinkers

The video features a discussion led by Madame Chifron on various political philosophies. Thomas Hobbes advocates for absolute monarchy, while John Locke counters with constitutional monarchy. Montesquieu introduces the separation of powers, and Cesare Beccaria emphasizes fair trials and punishments. Voltaire supports free speech and religious tolerance. The discussion also covers women's rights, highlighting the need for equality and education. The ideas discussed influenced the American Revolution and the formation of the U.S. Constitution.

What is the main reason Thomas Hobbes supports absolute monarchy?

• People are naturally kind and need guidance.

• People are naturally cruel and need control.

• Monarchs are inherently wise.

• Democracy is too slow.

According to John Locke, what should limit the power of a ruler?

• A strong military

• Public opinion

• A bill of rights

• Religious leaders

What does Montesquieu propose to protect political liberty?

• A single powerful ruler

• A council of religious leaders

• A direct democracy

• Separation of powers into three branches

Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting laws according to Montesquieu?

• Monarchical

• Judicial

• Executive

• Legislative

What does Voltaire believe is man's most cherished right?

• Right to bear arms

• Right to free speech

• Right to property

• Right to privacy

What does Beccaria argue should determine the severity of punishment?

• The social status of the criminal

• The type of crime committed

• The potential for rehabilitation

• The severity of the crime

What additional right does Voltaire advocate for besides free speech?

• Right to bear arms

• Right to privacy

• Religious tolerance

• Right to education

What is a key argument for women's rights discussed in the meeting?

• Women should have separate schools.

• Women should be exempt from taxes.

• Women should have the right to vote and hold office.

• Women should not work outside the home.

What does Ms. Wollstonecraft believe is essential for women's equality?

• Marriage rights

• Religious freedom

• Access to education

• Financial independence

How did the ideas discussed influence the American Revolution?

• They caused the American Revolution to fail.

• They inspired the American Constitution and Bill of Rights.

• They were ignored by American leaders.

• They led to the creation of a monarchy.