Genetics and Inheritance Concepts

The video tutorial explains the structure and function of DNA, chromosomes, and genes. It discusses how genes are inherited from parents and introduces the concept of alleles, which are different versions of a gene. The tutorial uses cystic fibrosis as an example to illustrate genetic inheritance and the role of dominant and recessive alleles. It concludes with a brief mention of genetic diagrams and probabilities, setting the stage for the next video.

What is the primary function of DNA within cells?

• To store genetic instructions for traits

• To protect the cell from external damage

• To provide energy for cellular processes

• To transport nutrients across the cell membrane

What is an allele?

• A type of protein

• A cell organelle

• A version of a gene

• A type of chromosome

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 24

• 23

• 22

• 25

From whom do humans inherit their chromosomes?

• Randomly from any ancestor

• Only from their father

• Equally from both parents

• Only from their mother

What genetic condition is caused by a specific allele on chromosome 7?

• Down syndrome

• Cystic fibrosis

• Huntington's disease

• Sickle cell anemia

What does a lowercase 'f' represent in the context of cystic fibrosis?

• The normal version of the gene

• A dominant allele

• A non-functional gene

• The version of the gene that causes cystic fibrosis

What is the probability of a child inheriting cystic fibrosis if both parents carry one normal and one cystic fibrosis allele?

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

• 10%

What is the term used to describe an allele that masks the effect of another allele?

• Recessive

• Dominant

• Codominant

• Incomplete

Which allele is expressed when both a dominant and a recessive allele are present?

• Recessive

• Dominant

• Both equally

• Neither

What is the significance of using uppercase and lowercase letters in genetic diagrams?

• To differentiate between dominant and recessive alleles

• To represent the location of the gene on the chromosome

• To show the age of the gene

• To indicate the size of the gene