Protein Synthesis and Genetic Code

The video explains how DNA results in traits like eye color through protein synthesis. It highlights the importance of proteins in various bodily functions and introduces RNA's crucial role in protein synthesis. The process is divided into transcription, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, and translation, where mRNA is translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. The video also discusses the use of a codon chart to determine amino acids and emphasizes the collaborative roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis.

What is the primary role of DNA in determining traits like eye color?

• It directly creates pigments.

• It codes for proteins that help produce pigments.

• It acts as a pigment itself.

• It has no role in trait determination.

Why are proteins considered essential for life?

• They have no significant role in the body.

• They are only used for energy storage.

• They are responsible for a wide range of functions including transport and protection.

• They are only involved in digestion.

What is the main function of RNA in protein synthesis?

• To transfer genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• To break down proteins.

• To act as a catalyst for chemical reactions.

• To store genetic information.

During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?

• It breaks down DNA.

• It transports mRNA out of the nucleus.

• It synthesizes amino acids.

• It connects complementary RNA bases to DNA.

What is the significance of mRNA editing?

• It only occurs in prokaryotes.

• It is unnecessary for protein synthesis.

• It ensures the mRNA is ready for translation.

• It changes the DNA sequence.

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

• They store genetic information.

• They synthesize proteins by reading mRNA.

• They break down mRNA.

• They transport amino acids.

How does tRNA contribute to protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It synthesizes mRNA.

• It stores DNA.

• It breaks down proteins.

What is a codon?

• A type of RNA.

• A protein molecule.

• A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA.

• A single nucleotide.

What does the AUG codon signify in protein synthesis?

• It has no specific function.

• It is a start codon and codes for methionine.

• It is a stop codon.

• It codes for the amino acid leucine.

What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?

• The mRNA is destroyed.

• Protein synthesis is completed.

• Protein synthesis continues.

• The ribosome breaks down.