Atomic Structure and Isotopes Concepts

Dr. English introduces nuclear chemistry, focusing on radioactivity, atomic structure, and isotopes. The tutorial covers the nature of radioactivity, including transmutation and beta decay, and explains atomic number and mass. It also discusses isotopes, nuclear force, and the stability of nuclei, highlighting the conditions under which atoms become unstable and radioactive.

What is the process called when an atom changes from one element to another due to changes in the nucleus?

• Transmutation

• Fusion

• Ionization

• Fission

What happens to an element if the number of protons in its nucleus changes?

• It gains electrons

• It becomes an isotope

• It changes into a different element

• It becomes radioactive

Where is the atomic number of an element typically located in its symbol?

• Lower right corner

• Upper left corner

• Upper right corner

• Lower left corner

What does the atomic mass of an element represent?

• Number of neutrons

• Number of protons and neutrons

• Number of electrons

• Number of protons

How is the atomic mass of an element typically represented?

• As a fraction

• As a decimal number

• As a percentage

• As a whole number

What defines isotopes of an element?

• Same number of protons and neutrons

• Same number of electrons, different number of protons

• Same number of neutrons, different number of protons

• Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope?

• Multiply atomic number by atomic mass

• Add atomic number to atomic mass

• Divide atomic mass by atomic number

• Subtract atomic number from atomic mass

What is the role of nuclear force in an atom?

• It repels electrons

• It affects the chemical properties

• It stabilizes the nucleus

• It determines atomic mass

What happens when the ratio of neutrons to protons is too large or too small?

• The atom becomes stable

• The atom becomes radioactive

• The atom loses protons

• The atom gains electrons

At what point do nuclei become unstable due to the number of protons?

• More than 50 protons

• More than 150 protons

• More than 83 protons

• More than 100 protons