French Revolution and Enlightenment Concepts

The Enlightenment was a period in Europe where thinkers used reason to improve society, challenging traditional authority and promoting ideas like freedom of speech and economic freedom. Monarchs, known as enlightened despots, adopted some Enlightenment ideas. Key figures like John Locke and Rousseau developed concepts of democracy and natural rights. In England, the monarchy was overthrown, leading to a Bill of Rights. In France, societal divisions and economic crises led to the French Revolution, resulting in the execution of Louis XVI and the Reign of Terror. France struggled with political stability for the next century.

Which philosopher argued for freedom of speech and was punished by his government?

• John Locke

• Adam Smith

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

What economic system did Adam Smith advocate for?

• Feudalism

• Mercantilism

• Capitalism

• Socialism

What was the main idea proposed by John Locke?

• Social contract theory

• Natural rights to life, liberty, and property

• Separation of powers

• Absolute monarchy

Who was overthrown and executed during the English Civil War?

• King Charles I

• King Louis XVI

• William of Orange

• Maximilien Robespierre

What was the First Estate in French society composed of?

• Nobility

• Clergy

• Commoners

• Merchants

What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?

• The storming of the Bastille

• The execution of King Louis XVI

• The signing of the Bill of Rights

• The Reign of Terror

What was the National Assembly's demand from King Louis XVI?

• To increase taxes

• To accept a constitution limiting his power

• To abolish the monarchy

• To declare war on England

What document guaranteed freedom of speech, press, and religion during the French Revolution?

• The English Bill of Rights

• The Magna Carta

• The Napoleonic Code

• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Who was executed to end the Reign of Terror?

• King Louis XVI

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Marie Antoinette

• Maximilien Robespierre

What type of government did France struggle to establish after the Revolution?

• All of the above

• Republic

• Empire

• Monarchy