Understanding Systematic and Random Errors

This video tutorial by Ms. CM covers the concepts of random and systematic errors in experiments. Random errors are caused by unpredictable changes and can be reduced by conducting repeat trials and using precise apparatus. Systematic errors result from flaws in experimental design or apparatus, causing consistent deviation from the actual value. Examples of both types of errors are provided, along with methods to minimize their impact on experimental results.

What is a characteristic of random errors?

• They are unpredictable and can be high or low.

• They have a consistent direction.

• They can be completely eliminated.

• They are caused by a flaw in the experimental design.

Which of the following is an example of a random error?

• Observer misinterpreting a reading.

• Heat loss to surroundings.

• Using a faulty thermometer.

• Forgetting to zero a mass balance.

How can random errors be reduced?

• By using more accurate apparatus.

• By conducting fewer trials.

• By changing the experimental design.

• By ignoring outliers.

What is the absolute uncertainty of a 20 cm cubed volumetric pipette?

• ±0.5 cm cubed

• ±0.08 cm cubed

• ±5 cm cubed

• ±1 cm cubed

What causes systematic errors?

• Observer bias.

• Flaws in experimental design or apparatus.

• Random fluctuations in measurements.

• Unpredictable changes in conditions.

Which statement is true about systematic errors?

• They result in consistent measurement bias.

• They cause random variations in data.

• They are always due to human error.

• They can be reduced by repeat trials.

What is an example of a systematic error in a titration?

• Reading from the bottom of the meniscus.

• Overshooting the endpoint.

• Using a dirty burette.

• Using a volumetric pipette.

Which of the following is NOT a systematic error?

• Forgetting to zero a mass balance.

• Misreading a scale due to parallax error.

• Heat loss in an enthalpy experiment.

• Random fluctuations in room temperature.

What happens if you read from the top of the meniscus when measuring volume?

• It has no effect on the measurement.

• It introduces a random error.

• It improves accuracy.

• It introduces a systematic error.

Why can't systematic errors be reduced by repeat trials?

• They are random in nature.

• They are consistent and repeatable.

• They are due to human error.

• They are caused by environmental changes.