Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Overview

The video reviews the circulatory and respiratory systems, focusing on blood flow and heart structures. It explains open and closed circulatory systems, detailing the heart structures in fish, amphibians, and mammals. The video describes the function of arteries, veins, and heart chambers, and outlines the blood flow in mammals. It also covers the human respiratory system, highlighting the process of gas exchange and the role of the diaphragm in breathing.

What is the main difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

• Open systems have blood contained within vessels.

• Closed systems have blood flowing freely in body cavities.

• Open systems have hemolymph instead of blood.

• Closed systems are found in arthropods.

Which type of heart is found in fish?

• Two-chambered heart

• Three-chambered heart

• Four-chambered heart

• Five-chambered heart

In amphibians, what is a disadvantage of having a three-chambered heart?

• Lack of a pulmonary circuit

• Inability to pump blood to the lungs

• Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

• Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?

• To carry blood towards the heart

• To exchange gases and nutrients

• To carry blood away from the heart

• To store blood

What feature distinguishes veins from arteries?

• Veins have thick muscular walls.

• Veins are elastic and can stretch.

• Veins have valves to prevent backflow.

• Veins carry blood away from the heart.

In the mammalian heart, what is the role of the atrioventricular valves?

• To prevent backflow between ventricles and arteries

• To separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

• To prevent backflow between atria and ventricles

• To pump blood into the lungs

What is the sequence of blood flow starting from the right atrium in mammals?

• Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs

• Right atrium, aorta, body, lungs

• Right atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body

• Right atrium, left atrium, pulmonary vein, lungs

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

• To filter air entering the lungs

• To produce mucus

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To support the trachea

How does the diaphragm contribute to breathing?

• By increasing thoracic cavity volume during exhalation

• By decreasing thoracic cavity volume during inhalation

• By increasing thoracic cavity volume during inhalation

• By preventing air from entering the lungs

What is the role of the trachea in the respiratory system?

• To filter dust and particles

• To produce sound

• To transport air to the bronchi

• To exchange gases with blood