Protestantism and Catholic Responses

By 1570, Lutheranism and Calvinism spread across Europe, but Protestantism eventually reached its limit, with many reverting to Catholicism. This led to increased tensions and frequent violent confrontations. The Peace of Augsburg was repeatedly violated, and distrust grew between denominations. In 1608, the Reichstag in Regensburg failed to resolve these conflicts, leading to the formation of the Protestant Union and Catholic League. The defenestration of Prague in 1618 triggered the Thirty Years' War.

What was the primary reason for the halt in the spread of Protestantism by 1570?

• Economic downturn in Europe

• Political pressure from the Catholic Church

• Re-conversion to Catholicism

• Lack of interest in new territories

What feeling did the re-conversion to Catholicism generate among Protestants?

• A sense of relief

• A sense of danger

• A sense of victory

• A sense of indifference

Which side massively prevailed in the violent confrontations within the empire?

• Catholics

• Calvinists

• Lutherans

• Protestants

What was violated time and again by all sides, leading to increased distrust?

• The Peace of Augsburg

• The Treaty of Versailles

• The Edict of Nantes

• The Magna Carta

What was the main issue at the Reichstag in Regensburg in 1608?

• Economic policies

• Denominational conflicts

• Territorial disputes

• Trade agreements

Why did the Reichstag prove fruitless for the Protestants?

• They were always in the minority

• They were not allowed to speak

• They agreed with the majority

• They had no representation

Who led the Protestant Union formed after the Reichstag?

• Maximilian of Bavaria

• Prince Elector Friedrich of the Palatinate

• Martin Luther

• John Calvin

What was the Catholic League's response to the formation of the Protestant Union?

• They sought peace

• They joined forces under Maximilian of Bavaria

• They ignored it

• They dissolved

What event triggered the Thirty Years' War?

• The dissolution of the Catholic League

• The formation of the Protestant Union

• The defenestration of Prague

• The signing of the Peace of Augsburg

What was the primary purpose of the alliances formed by the Protestant Union and Catholic League?

• To defend against growing distrust

• To promote trade

• To negotiate peace

• To expand territories