DNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial covers the chemical nature of DNA, focusing on its structure and characteristics. It explains the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of DNA, detailing nucleotide components and base pairing. The tutorial also discusses DNA methylation and its role in gene regulation and protection. Visual representations of DNA and associated proteins are provided to enhance understanding.

Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic of DNA?

• Encodes the phenotype

• Replicates faithfully

• Is resistant to all mutations

• Contains complex information

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• Phosphate group, lipid group, base group

• Phosphate group, sugar group, base group

• Lipid group, sugar group, protein group

• Sugar group, protein group, base group

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Adenine

• Thymine

How many hydrogen bonds connect adenine and thymine?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

What is the structural difference between purines and pyrimidines?

• Purines have one ring, pyrimidines have two

• Purines have two rings, pyrimidines have one

• Both have one ring

• Both have two rings

In the DNA double helix, what is the orientation of the two strands?

• Anti-parallel

• Parallel

• Random

• Perpendicular

What is the role of DNA methylation?

• To increase mutation rates

• To prevent DNA degradation

• To protect DNA from virus attacks

• To enhance DNA replication

Which base is most commonly methylated in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Adenine

What is the function of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

• To bind proteins

• To catalyze reactions

• To provide structural support

• To store genetic information

What role do proteins play in relation to DNA?

• They degrade DNA

• They replace nucleotides

• They provide structural stability and assist in replication

• They are not associated with DNA