Ionic Charges and Valence Electrons

The video tutorial explains ions, which are atoms with a charge, using oxygen, magnesium, fluorine, sodium, hydrogen, and chloride as examples. It introduces the octet rule, which states that atoms are most stable with a full outer orbital, typically eight valence electrons. The tutorial describes how cations and anions form, highlighting the gain or loss of electrons to achieve stability. Each ion's formation and properties are detailed, emphasizing the balance of protons and electrons to determine net charge.

What is an ion?

• An atom with no charge

• An atom with a charge

• A molecule with a charge

• A molecule with no charge

How many valence electrons does a stable oxygen atom have?

• 10

• 8

• 7

• 6

What is the charge of a magnesium ion?

• +2

• -2

• 0

• +1

How does fluorine achieve a full outer orbital?

• By losing two electrons

• By gaining one electron

• By losing one electron

• By gaining two electrons

What is the charge of a sodium ion?

• -1

• -2

• +1

• +2

How many total electrons does a chloride ion have?

• 19

• 16

• 17

• 18

What is the charge of a hydrogen ion?

• +2

• 0

• -1

• +1

Which of the following is a cation?

• Oxygen ion

• Fluoride ion

• Chloride ion

• Magnesium ion

What is the net charge of a stable oxygen ion?

• +2

• +1

• -2

• -1

How many valence electrons does a neutral fluorine atom have?

• 7

• 6

• 5

• 8