Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Dr. Ellis explains carbohydrates, their types, and functions. Carbohydrates are essential for energy, with glucose being a primary source. They are categorized into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose are simple sugars, while disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose are formed by two monosaccharides. Polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, and glycogen serve as energy storage and structural components. The video also covers the chemical bonds and reactions involved in carbohydrate formation.

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in our body?

• To build muscle

• To provide energy

• To produce vitamins

• To store fat

Which of the following is a simple sugar?

• Trisaccharide

• Polysaccharide

• Monosaccharide

• Disaccharide

What is the typical carbon range in monosaccharides?

• 3 to 7 carbons

• 1 to 3 carbons

• 13 to 18 carbons

• 8 to 12 carbons

Which monosaccharide is known as the cell's favorite food?

• Fructose

• Galactose

• Ribose

• Glucose

What type of bond connects two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

• Peptide bond

• Glycosidic bond

Which disaccharide is commonly found in milk?

• Lactose

• Fructose

• Sucrose

• Maltose

What is the primary function of polysaccharides in the body?

• To provide structural support

• To synthesize proteins

• To transport oxygen

• To store energy

Which polysaccharide is used by plants for structural support?

• Chitin

• Starch

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

What is the main storage form of glucose in animals?

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Chitin

• Glycogen

Which polysaccharide is found in the exoskeleton of insects?

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Chitin

• Glycogen