DNA and RNA Structure and Function

The video tutorial covers the basics of ribonucleic acid (RNA), its types, and the transcription process. It explains the structure of RNA, comparing it to DNA, and describes the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis. The transcription process is detailed, showing how RNA is synthesized from DNA, including the roles of enzymes and the processing of RNA into exons and introns.

What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

• DNA is a single strand, while RNA is a double helix.

• DNA is made of amino acids, while RNA is made of nucleotides.

• DNA is a double helix, while RNA is a single strand.

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

• Fatty acids

• Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

• Amino acids

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Guanine

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

What is the main function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• To make a copy of DNA and deliver it to the ribosome.

• To catalyze chemical reactions in the cell.

• To transport amino acids to the ribosome.

• To form the structure of ribosomes.

Which of the following is NOT a function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• Picking up amino acids.

• Assisting in protein synthesis.

• Delivering amino acids to the ribosome.

• Forming the structure of ribosomes.

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• To transport amino acids to the ribosome.

• To form the core structure of ribosomes.

• To catalyze the synthesis of DNA.

During transcription, what enzyme is responsible for separating the DNA strands?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• RNA polymerase

What happens to introns during RNA processing?

• They are spliced together.

• They are removed from the RNA strand.

• They are translated into proteins.

• They are converted into exons.

What is the final product of transcription?

• A new DNA strand

• A polypeptide chain

• A ribosome

• A strand of RNA

Which process follows transcription in protein synthesis?

• Replication

• Translation

• Transcription

• Splicing