Philosophical Concepts and Influences

The video explores the development of empiricism during the Enlightenment, highlighting key figures like John Locke, David Hume, Voltaire, and John Stuart Mill. Locke's tabula rasa concept and Hume's empirical approach to ethics are discussed, along with Voltaire's critique of rationalism and Mill's naturalistic worldview. The video emphasizes the impact of empiricism on contemporary philosophy and science.

What major political changes were influenced by the new humanist ideas during the Enlightenment?

• The American Civil War

• The Glorious Revolution and the French Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution

• The Renaissance

What is John Locke's concept of the mind at birth?

• A predetermined map

• A complex machine

• A blank slate

• A filled slate

Which philosopher emphasized emotions over reason in understanding human nature?

• Voltaire

• David Hume

• George Berkeley

• John Locke

What is the 'is/ought gap' associated with?

• Berkeley's idealism

• Locke's theory of mind

• Voltaire's satire

• Hume's critique of causation

Which philosophical perspective did Jeremy Bentham coin that was influenced by Hume?

• Empiricism

• Utilitarianism

• Idealism

• Rationalism

What was Voltaire's main criticism of rationalism?

• It was too abstract

• It was too focused on emotions

• It ignored empirical evidence

• It assumed a perfect society

What method did John Stuart Mill advocate for understanding the natural world?

• Metaphysical analysis

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Rational intuition

Which literary work by Voltaire critiques Leibniz's perspective?

• The Wealth of Nations

• Candide; or the Optimist

• Critique of Pure Reason

• The Social Contract

What did Kant claim about Hume's influence on him?

• Hume was his greatest critic

• Hume awakened him from a dogmatic slumber

• Hume was irrelevant to his work

• Hume supported his rationalist views

What was the Idealists' goal in relation to rationalism and empiricism?

• To unify them into a single theory

• To focus solely on rationalism

• To replace them with a new philosophy

• To separate them completely