Solubility and Energy Concepts

Professor Dave explains solubility, focusing on miscibility, saturation, and dynamic equilibrium. He discusses how solubility varies with temperature, leading to supersaturation and precipitation. The video explores why ionic solids dissolve, introducing concepts like entropy, hydration energy, and lattice energy. The Born-Haber cycle is used to calculate lattice energy, and the video concludes with practical tips for determining solubility.

What is the term used to describe a solution where no more solute can dissolve?

• Supersaturated

• Immiscible

• Miscible

• Saturated

What happens to excess solute in a saturated solution?

• It dissolves completely

• It evaporates

• It remains undissolved at the bottom

• It forms a new solution

How can a supersaturated solution be created?

• By adding more solute to a saturated solution

• By heating a saturated solution and then cooling it slowly

• By stirring a saturated solution

• By cooling a saturated solution

What is one reason ionic solids might dissolve in a solvent?

• They have low melting points

• They have strong covalent bonds

• They form ion-dipole interactions

• They are non-polar

Which energy must be greater for an ionic solid to dissolve?

• Potential energy

• Lattice energy

• Hydration energy

• Kinetic energy

What is the role of hydration energy in solubility?

• It decreases the temperature of the solution

• It increases the pressure of the solution

• It maximizes interactions with solvent particles

• It holds the solid lattice together

What is the Born-Haber cycle used for?

• To measure the temperature of a solution

• To calculate lattice energy indirectly

• To find the pH of a solution

• To determine the color of a solution

Which data is used in the Born-Haber cycle to calculate lattice energy?

• Heat of formation data

• Density data

• Boiling point data

• Melting point data

What happens to sodium and chlorine in the Born-Haber cycle before forming NaCl?

• They are mixed with other elements

• They are vaporized and ionized

• They are cooled to a solid state

• They are dissolved in water

What does the distance on an energy diagram represent in the Born-Haber cycle?

• The pressure change

• The energy stored in interactions

• The volume change

• The temperature change