How Plants Tell Time

Plants can move without muscles or nervous systems through processes like nyctinasty and heliotropism. Nyctinasty involves leaf movements in response to non-directional stimuli, influenced by temperature and chemical reactions. Phytochrome, a light-absorbing molecule, plays a key role in these movements by cycling between forms Pr and Pfr. Turgor pressure in pulvini helps flex leaves. Heliotropism, a directional movement, allows plants to track the sun, with sunflowers using auxin to grow towards light. These processes show plants' sophisticated responses to their environment.

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