The Stomata of Leaves

Stomata are small pores on plant leaves and stems, crucial for gas exchange. In dicots, they are mostly on the lower leaf surface, while in monocots, they are evenly distributed. Stomata open and close due to guard cell movements, influenced by environmental conditions. They allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water vapor. Factors like light, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels affect stomatal behavior. Abscisic acid, a plant hormone, also plays a role in closing stomata to prevent water loss.

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