Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and language in learning, contrasting with Piaget's stage-based cognitive development. Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, where learning occurs with the help of a more knowledgeable other. He highlighted the importance of cultural and social environments in developing higher mental functions. An example of twins illustrates how support affects skill acquisition. Vygotsky also connected speech development to thought processes, suggesting that inner speech evolves from external speech. Despite his early death, Vygotsky's ideas remain influential, advocating for social interaction in education.

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