American English T and D Sounds

What is the primary difference between the pronunciation of the 'T' sound and the 'D' sound in American English?

• "T" is voiced, and "D" is unvoiced.

• "T" is unvoiced, and "D" is voiced.

• "T" involves a nasal release, and "D" involves an oral release.

• "T" is a fricative, and "D" is a plosive.

What are the two essential parts of producing a stop consonant like 'T' or 'D'?

• A nasal passage and a vocal cord vibration.

• A stop in airflow and a subsequent release.

• A tongue flap and a lip rounding.

• A continuous airflow and a soft palate closure.

When producing a "true T" sound, what specific action is required of the teeth that is not strictly necessary for a "true D" sound?

• The teeth must be completely open.

• The teeth must come together or nearly together.

• The teeth must be retracted behind the lips.

• The teeth must be pressed against the lower lip.

In American English, when does a "stop T" or "stop D" (unreleased) typically occur?

• Only when the 'T' or 'D' is at the beginning of a word.

• When the 'T' or 'D' is followed by a vowel sound.

• At the end of a sentence or when the next word begins with a consonant.

• When the speaker is emphasizing the word.

What is the primary difference between a "true T" sound and a "stop T" sound in English pronunciation?

• A true T involves a full release of air, while a stop T does not.

• A true T is voiced, while a stop T is unvoiced.

• A true T is formed with the tongue touching the teeth, while a stop T is not.

• A true T occurs at the beginning of words, while a stop T occurs at the end.

Under what conditions does a "flap T" or "flap D" sound typically occur in American English?

• When the T or D is at the beginning of a word.

• When the T or D is followed by a silent letter.

• When the T or D comes between two vowel sounds or after an 'R' and before a vowel, and does not begin a stressed syllable.

• When the T or D is part of a consonant cluster at the end of a word.

How is the "flap T" or "flap D" sound produced, and what does it resemble?

• It is produced by stopping the airflow completely, similar to a glottal stop.

• It is produced by a quick bounce of the tongue against the roof of the mouth without stopping airflow, resembling a 'd' sound.

• It is produced by vibrating the vocal cords while the tongue remains flat.

• It is produced by a strong puff of air, similar to an aspirated 't'.

In American English, when might the "T" or "D" sound be completely dropped in pronunciation?

• When it is the first letter of a word.

• When it occurs between two consonant sounds or after an 'N' sound.

• When it is part of a compound word.

• When it is followed by a silent 'E'.