Understanding Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

What is the term used for the linkage formed when two monosaccharides are joined together?

• Peptide bond

• Phosphodiester bond

• Glycosidic linkage

• Ester bond

Which carbon atoms are typically involved in forming a 1,4 glycosidic linkage?

• C1 and C2

• C1 and C4

• C2 and C3

• C3 and C5

What distinguishes an alpha linkage from a beta linkage in disaccharides?

• The orientation of the OR group on the anomeric carbon

• The presence of a hydroxyl group

• The number of carbon atoms in the ring

• The type of monosaccharides involved

Which disaccharide is known as table sugar?

• Lactose

• Sucrose

• Fructose

• Maltose

What makes sucrose a non-reducing sugar?

• It is composed of two glucose units

• It contains a furanose ring

• It has two anomeric carbons linked together

• It forms a hemiacetal

What type of glycosidic bonds are found in cellulose?

• Alpha 1,4

• Beta 1,4

• Alpha 1,6

• Beta 1,6

Why can't humans digest cellulose?

• It contains alpha 1,4 linkages

• It is composed of fructose units

• Humans lack the enzyme to break beta 1,4 linkages

• It is a non-reducing sugar

What is the primary structural difference between starch and cellulose?

• Starch has alpha linkages, cellulose has beta

• Starch is composed of fructose, cellulose of glucose

• Starch is branched, cellulose is linear

• Starch has beta linkages, cellulose has alpha

What is the main function of glycogen in the human body?

• Energy storage

• Hormone regulation

• Structural support

• Protein synthesis

How does glycogen differ from starch in terms of structure?

• Glycogen is linear, starch is branched

• Glycogen has more alpha 1,6 linkages

• Glycogen is composed of fructose, starch of glucose

• Glycogen is a reducing sugar, starch is not