Understanding Heart Attacks

What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

• High blood pressure

• Atherosclerotic plaque build-up

• Lack of exercise

• Excessive sugar intake

What happens when a plaque in the artery ruptures during physical activity?

• Blood flow increases

• The heart rate decreases

• A thrombus forms, blocking blood flow

• The artery expands

Why might someone experience pain in their left arm during a heart attack?

• Because of increased blood flow

• Due to muscle strain

• Because of referred pain from the heart

• As a result of nerve damage

What role does adrenaline play during a heart attack?

• It slows down the heart rate

• It reduces pain signals

• It causes the heart to beat faster

• It helps dissolve the clot

What is the term used for the pain felt in areas other than the heart during a heart attack?

• Acute pain

• Chronic pain

• Referred pain

• Localized pain

What are troponins, and why are they important in diagnosing heart attacks?

• They are enzymes that repair heart tissue

• They are proteins released by damaged heart cells

• They are hormones that increase heart rate

• They are lipids that block arteries

What happens to cardiomyocytes when they are deprived of oxygen?

• They become stronger

• They regenerate quickly

• They increase in size

• They slow down and eventually stop beating

What is the consequence of not treating a heart attack within 20 minutes?

• The heart will fully recover

• The heart will sustain permanent damage

• The heart will beat faster

• The heart will become stronger

What is a full-thickness infarct?

• An infarct that only affects the right ventricle

• An infarct that heals quickly

• An infarct involving the entire thickness of the heart wall

• An infarct affecting only the outer layer of the heart

How does a partial-thickness infarct differ from a full-thickness infarct?

• It is more severe than a full-thickness infarct

• It affects the entire heart wall

• It does not affect blood flow

• It involves only a small region of the heart wall